fix: avoid potential index out of range error if ls-iommu cannot find a vbios path

Signed-off-by: HikariKnight <2557889+HikariKnight@users.noreply.github.com>

.gitignore

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ dist/
 main
 quickpassthrough
 debug.log
+quickpassthrough_debug.log

README.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ A project to simplify setting up GPU passthrough on your Linux host for libvirt/
 
 You can use it by simply downloading the latest [release](https://github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/releases/) and run it inside a terminal or by downloading and compiling it yourself with the commands below.
 
-This project is aimed at **desktops with 2 GPUs** and **headless servers**, where the only GPU is not needed.
+This project is aimed at **systems with 2 GPUs** and **headless servers**, where the only GPU is not needed.
 
 **Note:** Quickpassthrough is not designed to be installed by a package manager! As you would usually have to only run it once, unless you change the GPU.
 
@@ -47,16 +47,18 @@ go get -u ./cmd
 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags="-X github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/version.Version=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" -o quickpassthrough cmd/main.go
 ```
 
-## Does this work on immutable systems?
+## Does this work on atomic or immutable systems?
-Currently no, however [Bazzite](https://bazzite.gg) has an `ujust` command that does a very similar job.
+Currently no, however [Bazzite](https://bazzite.gg), [Bluefin](https://projectbluefin.io) and [Aurora](https://getaurora.dev) has an `ujust` command that does a very similar job.
-In Bazzite you run `ujust setup-virtualization` and follow the prompts to `Enable Virtualization` and `Enable VFIO drivers`.
+
+In Bazzite you run `ujust setup-virtualization` and follow the prompts to `Enable Virtualization` and `Enable VFIO drivers`.<br>
+In Bluefin and Aurora you run `ujust setup-vfio` and follow the prompts.
 
 ## How do I undo the changes?
 There is a `backup/` folder generated on the first run that will have a copy of all your files (and their paths) from before we edited anything.
 Compare that folder with the `config/` folder to see which files you need to delete in addition to copying the files from `backup/` to your system before rebuilding your initramfs and updating your bootloader config.
 
 ## How do I just disable vfio for 1 boot?
-Remove the vfio kernel arguments from your bootloader by pressing E on the boot menu. The kernel arguments added to the bootloader can be found in the config/kernel_args file. <br>
+Remove the vfio kernel arguments from your bootloader by pressing E on the boot menu. The kernel arguments added to the bootloader can be found in the `config/kernel_args` file. <br>
 NOTE: You can also just remove them from your bootloader permanently and update your bootloader if you want to keep the config files on your system.
 
 ## What this project does NOT do
@@ -64,7 +66,6 @@ NOTE: You can also just remove them from your bootloader permanently and update
 * Optimize your Virtual Machine for Passthrough (again this is your job)
 * Optimize your host machine for Passthrough or Virtualization (out of this projects scope)
 * Setup and configure GPU Passthrough on systems with 1 graphic card (iGPU counts as 1 Graphic Card by itself, so iGPU with another GPU will work)
-* Does not configure passthrough of 3D controllers, [as it will not work](https://lantian.pub/en/article/modify-computer/laptop-intel-nvidia-optimus-passthrough.lantian/) (this is most gaming laptops so do not even think about it). If you try run this on a laptop with a 3D controller, the "2nd GPU" will not show up.
 
 ## Contributing
 <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2557889/156038229-4e70352f-9182-4474-8e32-d14d3ad67566.png" width="250px">

internal/common/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/gookit/color"
+)
+
+const PermissionNotice = `
+<yellowB>Permissions error occured during file operations.</>
+
+<blue_b>Hint</>:
+
+	If you initially ran QuickPassthrough as root or using sudo,
+	but are now running it as a normal user, this is expected behavior.
+
+	<us>Try running QuickPassthrough as root or using sudo if so.</>
+
+	If this does not work, double check your filesystem's permissions,
+	and be sure to check the debug log for more information.
+`
+
+// ErrorCheck serves as a wrapper for HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/common.ErrorCheck that allows for visibile error messages
+func ErrorCheck(err error, msg ...string) {
+	_, _ = os.Stdout.WriteString("\033[H\033[2J") // clear the screen
+	if err == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrPermission) {
+		color.Printf(PermissionNotice)
+	}
+	oneMsg := ""
+	if len(msg) < 1 {
+		oneMsg = ""
+	} else {
+		for _, v := range msg {
+			oneMsg += v + "\n"
+		}
+	}
+	color.Printf("\n<red_b>FATAL</>: %s\n%s\nAborting", err.Error(), oneMsg)
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+		print(".")
+	}
+	print("\n")
+	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, msg...)
+}

internal/configs/config_bootloaders.go

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 package configs
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2"
+
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
-	"github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2"
 )
 
 // This function just adds what bootloader the system has to our config.bootloader value
@@ -70,39 +73,32 @@ func Set_Cmdline(gpu_IDs []string) {
 	fileio.AppendContent(fmt.Sprintf(" vfio_pci.ids=%s", strings.Join(gpu_IDs, ",")), config.Path.CMDLINE)
 }
 
-// Configures systemd-boot using kernelstub
+// Set_KernelStub configures systemd-boot using kernelstub.
-func Set_KernelStub() string {
+func Set_KernelStub(isRoot bool) {
 	// Get the config
 	config := GetConfig()
 
 	// Get the kernel args
 	kernel_args := fileio.ReadFile(config.Path.CMDLINE)
 
-	// Write to logger
+	// Run and log, check for errors
-	logger.Printf("Running command:\nsudo kernelstub -a \"%s\"\n", kernel_args)
+	common.ErrorCheck(
-
+		command.ExecAndLogSudo(isRoot, true, "kernelstub", "-a", kernel_args),
-	// Run the command
+		"Error, kernelstub command returned exit code 1",
-	_, err := command.Run("sudo", "kernelstub", "-a", kernel_args)
+	)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Error, kernelstub command returned exit code 1")
-
-	// Return what we did
-	return fmt.Sprintf("Executed: sudo kernelstub -a \"%s\"", kernel_args)
 }
 
-// Configures grub2 and/or systemd-boot using grubby
+// Set_Grubby configures grub2 and/or systemd-boot using grubby
-func Set_Grubby() string {
+func Set_Grubby(isRoot bool) string {
 	// Get the config
 	config := GetConfig()
 
 	// Get the kernel args
 	kernel_args := fileio.ReadFile(config.Path.CMDLINE)
 
-	// Write to logger
+	// Run and log, check for errors
-	logger.Printf("Running command:\nsudo grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args=\"%s\"\n", kernel_args)
+	err := command.ExecAndLogSudo(isRoot, true, "grubby", "--update-kernel=ALL", fmt.Sprintf("--args=%s", kernel_args))
-
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "Error, grubby command returned exit code 1")
-	// Run the command
-	_, err := command.Run("sudo", "grubby", "--update-kernel=ALL", fmt.Sprintf("--args=%s", kernel_args))
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Error, grubby command returned exit code 1")
 
 	// Return what we did
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Executed: sudo grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args=\"%s\"", kernel_args)
@@ -116,8 +112,8 @@ func Configure_Grub2() {
 	conffile := fmt.Sprintf("%s/grub", config.Path.DEFAULT)
 
 	// Make sure we start from scratch by deleting any old file
-	if fileio.FileExist(conffile) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(conffile); exists {
-		os.Remove(conffile)
+		_ = os.Remove(conffile)
 	}
 
 	// Make a regex to get the system path instead of the config path
@@ -201,8 +197,8 @@ func clean_Grub2_Args(old_kernel_args []string) []string {
 	return clean_kernel_args
 }
 
-// This function copies our config to /etc/default/grub and updates grub
+// Set_Grub2 copies our config to /etc/default/grub and updates grub
-func Set_Grub2() ([]string, error) {
+func Set_Grub2(isRoot bool) error {
 	// Get the config
 	config := GetConfig()
 
@@ -213,38 +209,45 @@ func Set_Grub2() ([]string, error) {
 	sysfile_re := regexp.MustCompile(`^config`)
 	sysfile := sysfile_re.ReplaceAllString(conffile, "")
 
-	// Write to logger
+	// [CopyToSystem] will log the operation
-	logger.Printf("Executing command:\nsudo cp -v \"%s\" %s\n", conffile, sysfile)
+	// logger.Printf("Executing command:\nsudo cp -v \"%s\" %s\n", conffile, sysfile)
 
-	// Make our output slice
+	// Copy files to system, logging and error checking is done in the function
-	var output []string
+	CopyToSystem(isRoot, conffile, sysfile)
-
-	// Copy files to system
-	output = append(output, CopyToSystem(conffile, sysfile))
 
 	// Set a variable for the mkconfig command
-	mkconfig := "grub-mkconfig"
+	var mkconfig string
+	var grubPath = "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"
+	var lpErr error
+
 	// Check for grub-mkconfig
-	_, err := command.Run("which", "grub-mkconfig")
+	mkconfig, lpErr = exec.LookPath("grub-mkconfig")
-	if err == nil {
+	switch {
-		// Set binary as grub-mkconfig
+	case errors.Is(lpErr, exec.ErrNotFound) || mkconfig == "":
-		mkconfig = "grub-mkconfig"
+		// Check for grub2-mkconfig
-	} else {
+		mkconfig, lpErr = exec.LookPath("grub2-mkconfig")
-		mkconfig = "grub2-mkconfig"
+		if lpErr == nil && mkconfig != "" {
+			grubPath = "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"
+			break // skip below, we found grub2-mkconfig
+		}
+		if lpErr == nil {
+			// we know mkconfig is empty despite no error;
+			// so set an error for [common.ErrorCheck].
+			lpErr = errors.New("neither grub-mkconfig or grub2-mkconfig found")
+		}
+		common.ErrorCheck(lpErr, lpErr.Error()+"\n")
+		return lpErr // note: unreachable as [common.ErrorCheck] calls fatal
+	default:
 	}
 
-	// Update grub.cfg
+	_, mklog, err := command.RunErrSudo(isRoot, mkconfig, "-o", grubPath)
-	if fileio.FileExist("/boot/grub/grub.cfg") {
-		output = append(output, fmt.Sprintf("Executed: sudo %s -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg\nSee debug.log for more detailed output", mkconfig))
-		_, mklog, err := command.RunErr("sudo", mkconfig, "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg")
-		logger.Printf(strings.Join(mklog, "\n"))
-		errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Failed to update /boot/grub/grub.cfg")
-	} else {
-		output = append(output, fmt.Sprintf("Executed: sudo %s -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg\nSee debug.log for more detailed output", mkconfig))
-		_, mklog, err := command.RunErr("sudo", mkconfig, "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg")
-		logger.Printf(strings.Join(mklog, "\n"))
-		errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Failed to update /boot/grub/grub.cfg")
-	}
 
-	return output, err
+	// tabulate the output, [command.RunErrSudo] logged the execution.
+	logger.Printf("\t" + strings.Join(mklog, "\n\t"))
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "Failed to update /boot/grub/grub.cfg")
+
+	// always returns nil as [common.ErrorCheck] calls fatal
+	// keeping the ret signature, as we should consider passing down errors
+	// but that's a massive rabbit hole to go down for this codebase as a whole
+	return err
 }

internal/configs/config_dracut.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
 )
 
-// This function writes a dracut configuration file for /etc/dracut.conf.d/
+// Set_Dracut writes a dracut configuration file for `/etc/dracut.conf.d/`.
 func Set_Dracut() {
 	config := GetConfig()
 
@@ -17,23 +17,23 @@ func Set_Dracut() {
 	dracutConf := fmt.Sprintf("%s/vfio.conf", config.Path.DRACUT)
 
 	// If the file already exists then delete it
-	if fileio.FileExist(dracutConf) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(dracutConf); exists {
-		os.Remove(dracutConf)
+		_ = os.Remove(dracutConf)
 	}
 
 	// Write to logger
-	logger.Printf("Writing to %s:\nadd_drivers+=\" %s \"\n", dracutConf, strings.Join(vfio_modules(), " "))
+	logger.Printf("Writing to %s:\nforce_drivers+=\" %s \"\n", dracutConf, strings.Join(vfio_modules(), " "))
 
 	// Write the dracut config file
-	fileio.AppendContent(fmt.Sprintf("add_drivers+=\" %s \"\n", strings.Join(vfio_modules(), " ")), dracutConf)
+	fileio.AppendContent(fmt.Sprintf("force_drivers+=\" %s \"\n", strings.Join(vfio_modules(), " ")), dracutConf)
 
 	// Get the current kernel arguments we have generated
 	kernel_args := fileio.ReadFile(config.Path.CMDLINE)
 
 	// If the kernel argument is not already in the file
-	if !strings.Contains(kernel_args, "rd.driver.pre=vfio_pci") {
+	if !strings.Contains(kernel_args, "rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci") {
 		// Add to our kernel arguments file that vfio_pci should load early (dracut does this using kernel arguments)
-		fileio.AppendContent(" rd.driver.pre=vfio_pci", config.Path.CMDLINE)
+		fileio.AppendContent(" rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci", config.Path.CMDLINE)
 	}
 
 	// Make a backup of dracutConf if there is one there

internal/configs/config_initramfstools.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
 )
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 func initramfs_readHeader(lines int, fileName string) string {
 	// Open the file
 	f, err := os.Open(fileName)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening %s", fileName))
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening %s", fileName))
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	header_re := regexp.MustCompile(`^#`)
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func initramfs_addModules(conffile string) {
 
 	// Open the system file for reading
 	sysfile, err := os.Open(syspath)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening file for reading %s", syspath))
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening file for reading %s", syspath))
 	defer sysfile.Close()
 
 	// Check if user has vendor-reset installed/enabled and make sure that is first

internal/configs/config_mkinitcpio.go

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
 )
 
-// This function copies the content of /etc/mkinitcpio.conf to the config folder and does an inline replace/insert on the MODULES=() line
+// Set_Mkinitcpio copies the content of /etc/mkinitcpio.conf to the config folder and does an inline replace/insert on the MODULES=() line
 func Set_Mkinitcpio() {
 	// Get the config struct
 	config := GetConfig()
 
 	// Make sure we start from scratch by deleting any old file
-	if fileio.FileExist(config.Path.MKINITCPIO) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(config.Path.MKINITCPIO); exists {
-		os.Remove(config.Path.MKINITCPIO)
+		_ = os.Remove(config.Path.MKINITCPIO)
 	}
 
 	// Make a regex to get the system path instead of the config path

internal/configs/config_modprobe.go

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ func Set_Modprobe(gpu_IDs []string) {
 	conffile := fmt.Sprintf("%s/vfio.conf", config.Path.MODPROBE)
 
 	// If the file exists
-	if fileio.FileExist(conffile) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(conffile); exists {
 		// Delete the old file
-		os.Remove(conffile)
+		_ = os.Remove(conffile)
 	}
 
 	content := fmt.Sprint(

internal/configs/config_vbios_dumper.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/logger"
 )
 
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ func GenerateVBIOSDumper(vbios_path string) {
 
 	// Make the script file
 	scriptfile, err := os.Create("utils/dump_vbios.sh")
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Cannot create file \"utils/dump_vbios.sh\"")
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "Cannot create file \"utils/dump_vbios.sh\"")
 	defer scriptfile.Close()
 
 	// Make the script executable
 	scriptfile.Chmod(0775)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Could not change permissions of \"utils/dump_vbios.sh\"")
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "Could not change permissions of \"utils/dump_vbios.sh\"")
 
 	// Write to logger
 	logger.Printf("Writing utils/dump_vbios.sh\n")

internal/configs/config_vfio_video.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
 )
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func DisableVFIOVideo(i int) {
 	if strings.Contains(kernel_args, "vfio_pci.disable_vga") {
 		// Remove the old file
 		err := os.Remove(config.Path.CMDLINE)
-		errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Could not rewrite %s", config.Path.CMDLINE))
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Could not rewrite %s", config.Path.CMDLINE))
 
 		// Enable or disable the VGA based on our given value
 		if i == 0 {

internal/configs/configs.go

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 package configs
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2"
+
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/uname"
-	"github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2"
 )
 
 type Path struct {
@@ -30,9 +33,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	Path       *Path
 	Gpu_Group  string
 	Gpu_IDs    []string
+	IsRoot     bool
 }
 
-// Gets the path to all the config files
+// GetConfigPaths retrieves the path to all the config files.
 func GetConfigPaths() *Path {
 	Paths := &Path{
 		CMDLINE:    "config/kernel_args",
@@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ func GetConfigPaths() *Path {
 	return Paths
 }
 
-// Gets all the configs and returns the struct
+// GetConfig retrieves all the configs and returns the struct.
 func GetConfig() *Config {
 	config := &Config{
 		Bootloader: "unknown",
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ func GetConfig() *Config {
 	return config
 }
 
-// Constructs the empty config files and folders based on what exists on the system
+// InitConfigs constructs the empty config files and folders based on what exists on the system
 func InitConfigs() {
 	config := GetConfig()
 
@@ -77,10 +81,17 @@ func InitConfigs() {
 	}
 
 	// Remove old config
-	os.RemoveAll("config")
+	if err := os.RemoveAll("config"); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+
+		// won't be called if the error is ErrNotExist
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nError removing old config")
+	}
 
 	// Make the config folder
-	os.Mkdir("config", os.ModePerm)
+	if err := os.Mkdir("config", os.ModePerm); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+		// won't be called if the error is ErrExist
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nError making config folder")
+	}
 
 	// Make a regex to get the system path instead of the config path
 	syspath_re := regexp.MustCompile(`^config`)
@@ -90,8 +101,16 @@ func InitConfigs() {
 		// Get the system path
 		syspath := syspath_re.ReplaceAllString(confpath, "")
 
+		exists, err := fileio.FileExist(syspath)
+
+		// If we received an error that is not ErrNotExist
+		if err != nil {
+			common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nError checking for directory: "+syspath)
+			continue // note: unreachable due to ErrorCheck calling fatal
+		}
+
 		// If the path exists
-		if fileio.FileExist(syspath) {
+		if exists {
 			// Write to log
 			logger.Printf(
 				"%s found on the system\n"+
@@ -104,8 +123,10 @@ func InitConfigs() {
 			makeBackupDir(syspath)
 
 			// Create the directories for our configs
-			err := os.MkdirAll(confpath, os.ModePerm)
+			if err = os.MkdirAll(confpath, os.ModePerm); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
-			errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+				common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nError making directory: "+confpath)
+				return // note: unreachable due to ErrorCheck calling fatal
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -128,7 +149,15 @@ func InitConfigs() {
 		sysfile := syspath_re.ReplaceAllString(conffile, "")
 
 		// If the file exists
-		if fileio.FileExist(sysfile) {
+		exists, err := fileio.FileExist(sysfile)
+
+		// If we received an error that is not ErrNotExist
+		if err != nil {
+			common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nError checking for file: "+sysfile)
+			continue // note: unreachable due to ErrorCheck calling fatal
+		}
+
+		if exists {
 			// Write to log
 			logger.Printf(
 				"%s found on the system\n"+
@@ -139,16 +168,22 @@ func InitConfigs() {
 
 			// Create the directories for our configs
 			file, err := os.Create(conffile)
-			errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+			common.ErrorCheck(err)
 			// Close the file so we can edit it
-			file.Close()
+			_ = file.Close()
 
 			// Backup the sysfile if we do not have a backup
 			backupFile(sysfile)
 		}
 
+		exists, err = fileio.FileExist(conffile)
+		if err != nil {
+			common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nError checking for file: "+conffile)
+			continue // note: unreachable
+		}
+
 		// If we now have a config that exists
-		if fileio.FileExist(conffile) {
+		if exists {
 			switch conffile {
 			case config.Path.ETCMODULES:
 				// Write to logger
@@ -186,7 +221,7 @@ func vfio_modules() []string {
 
 	// If we are on a kernel older than 6.2
 	sysinfo := uname.New()
-	kernel_re := regexp.MustCompile(`^(6\.1|6\.0|[1-5]\.)`)
+	kernel_re := regexp.MustCompile(`^(6\.1|6\.0|[1-5]\.\d{1,2})\.`)
 	if kernel_re.MatchString(sysinfo.Kernel) {
 		// Write to the debug log
 		logger.Printf("Linux kernel version %s detected!\nIncluding vfio_virqfd module\n", sysinfo.Kernel)
@@ -204,14 +239,28 @@ func backupFile(source string) {
 	// Make a destination path
 	dest := fmt.Sprintf("backup%s", source)
 
+	configExists, configFileError := fileio.FileExist(fmt.Sprintf("config%s", source))
+	sysExists, sysFileError := fileio.FileExist(source)
+	destExists, destFileError := fileio.FileExist(dest)
+
+	// If we received an error that is not ErrNotExist on any of the files
+	for _, err := range []error{configFileError, sysFileError, destFileError} {
+		if err != nil {
+			common.ErrorCheck(configFileError, "\nError checking for file: "+source)
+			return // note: unreachable
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch {
 	// If the file exists in the config but not on the system it is a file we make
-	if fileio.FileExist(fmt.Sprintf("config%s", source)) && !fileio.FileExist(source) {
+	case configExists && !sysExists:
 		// Create the blank file so that a copy of the backup folder to /etc
 		file, err := os.Create(dest)
-		errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Error creating file %s\n", dest)
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, "Error creating file %s\n", dest)
-		file.Close()
+		_ = file.Close()
-	} else if !fileio.FileExist(dest) {
+
 		// If a backup of the file does not exist
+	case sysExists && !destExists:
 		// Write to the logger
 		logger.Printf("No first time backup of %s detected.\nCreating a backup at %s\n", source, dest)
 
@@ -223,29 +272,64 @@ func backupFile(source string) {
 
 func makeBackupDir(dest string) {
 	// If a backup directory does not exist
-	if !fileio.FileExist("backup/") {
+	exists, err := fileio.FileExist("backup/")
+	if err != nil {
+		// If we received an error that is not ErrNotExist
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, "Error checking for backup/ folder")
+		return // note: unreachable
+	}
+
+	if !exists {
 		// Write to the logger
 		logger.Printf("Backup directory does not exist!\nCreating backup directory for first run backup")
 	}
 
 	// Make the empty directories
-	err := os.MkdirAll(fmt.Sprintf("backup/%s", dest), os.ModePerm)
+	if err = os.MkdirAll(fmt.Sprintf("backup/%s", dest), os.ModePerm); errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Error making backup/ folder")
+		// ignore if the directory already exists
+		err = nil
+	}
+	// will return without incident if there's no error
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "Error making backup/ folder")
 }
 
-// Copy a file to the system, make sure you have run command.Elevate() recently
+// CopyToSystem copies a file to the system.
-func CopyToSystem(conffile, sysfile string) string {
+func CopyToSystem(isRoot bool, conffile, sysfile string) {
 	// Since we should be elevated with our sudo token we will copy with cp
 	// (using built in functions will not work as we are running as the normal user)
-	output, _ := command.Run("sudo", "cp", "-v", conffile, sysfile)
 
-	// Clean the output
+	// ExecAndLogSudo will write to the logger, so just print here
-	clean_re := regexp.MustCompile(`\n`)
+	fmt.Printf("Copying: %s to %s\n", conffile, sysfile)
-	clean_output := clean_re.ReplaceAllString(output[0], "")
 
-	// Write output to logger
+	if isRoot {
-	logger.Printf("%s\n", clean_output)
+		logger.Printf("Copying %s to %s\n", conffile, sysfile)
+		fmt.Printf("Copying %s to %s\n", conffile, sysfile)
+		fDat, err := os.ReadFile(conffile)
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to read %s", conffile))
+		err = os.WriteFile(sysfile, fDat, 0644)
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to write %s", sysfile))
+		logger.Printf("Copied %s to %s\n", conffile, sysfile)
+		return
+	}
 
-	// Return the output
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(conffile) {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("Copying: %s", clean_output)
+		conffile, _ = filepath.Abs(conffile)
+	}
+
+	err := command.ExecAndLogSudo(isRoot, false, "cp", "-v", conffile, sysfile)
+
+	errMsg := ""
+	if err != nil {
+		errMsg = err.Error()
+	}
+
+	// [command.ExecAndLogSudo] will log the command's output
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to copy %s to %s:\n%s", conffile, sysfile, errMsg))
+
+	// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// note that if we failed the error check, the following will not appear in the log!
+	// this is because the [common.ErrorCheck] function will call [log.Fatalf] and exit
+	// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	logger.Printf("Copied %s to %s\n", conffile, sysfile)
 }

internal/configs/configs_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package configs
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCopyToSystem(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := os.Mkdir("testdir", 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tFilePath := filepath.Join("testdir", "testfile")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tFilePath, []byte("test"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := os.RemoveAll("testdir"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
+	isRoot := os.Getuid() == 0
+	switch isRoot {
+	case true:
+		t.Run("TestCopyToSystem_AsRoot", func(t *testing.T) {
+			CopyToSystem(true, tFilePath, "/etc/testfile")
+		})
+	default:
+		t.Run("TestCopyToSystem_AsUser", func(t *testing.T) {
+			CopyToSystem(false, tFilePath, "/etc/testfile")
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/ls_iommu_downloader/ls_iommu_downloader.go

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/cavaliergopher/grab/v3"
+
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/untar"
-	"github.com/cavaliergopher/grab/v3"
 )
 
 // Generated from github API response using https://mholt.github.io/json-to-go/
@@ -95,14 +96,14 @@ type Response struct {
 func CheckLsIOMMU() {
 	// Check the API for releases
 	resp, err := http.Get("https://api.github.com/repos/hikariknight/ls-iommu/releases/latest")
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+	common.ErrorCheck(err)
 
 	// Close the response when function ends
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
 	// Get the response body
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+	common.ErrorCheck(err)
 
 	var result Response
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
@@ -111,9 +112,9 @@ func CheckLsIOMMU() {
 
 	// Make the directory for ls-iommu if it does not exist
 	path := "utils"
-	if !fileio.FileExist(path) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(path); !exists {
 		err := os.Mkdir(path, os.ModePerm)
-		errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+		common.ErrorCheck(err)
 	}
 
 	// Generate the download url
@@ -133,30 +134,30 @@ func CheckLsIOMMU() {
 
 	// Get the checksum data
 	checksums, err := http.Get(checkSumsUrl)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+	common.ErrorCheck(err)
 	defer checksums.Body.Close()
 	checksums_txt, err := io.ReadAll(checksums.Body)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+	common.ErrorCheck(err)
 
 	// Check if the tar.gz exists
-	if !fileio.FileExist(fileName) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(fileName); !exists {
 		downloadNewVersion(path, fileName, downloadUrl)
 		if checkSum(string(checksums_txt), fileName) {
 			err = untar.Untar(fmt.Sprintf("%s/", path), fileName)
-			errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+			common.ErrorCheck(err)
 		}
 	} else {
 		if !checkSum(string(checksums_txt), fileName) {
 			downloadNewVersion(path, fileName, downloadUrl)
 			err = untar.Untar(fmt.Sprintf("%s/", path), fileName)
-			errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+			common.ErrorCheck(err)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 func checkSum(checksums string, fileName string) bool {
 	r, err := os.Open(fileName)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+	common.ErrorCheck(err)
 	defer r.Close()
 
 	hasher := sha256.New()
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ func downloadNewVersion(path, fileName, downloadUrl string) {
 	// check for errors
 	if err := download.Err(); err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Download failed: %v\n", err)
-		if !fileio.FileExist("utils/ls-iommu") {
+		if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist("utils/ls-iommu"); !exists {
 			log.Fatal("If the above error is 404, then we could not communicate with the GitHub API\n Please manually download and extract ls-iommu to: utils/\nYou can download it from: https://github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/releases")
 		} else {
 			fmt.Println("Existing ls-iommu binary detected in \"utils/\", will use that instead as the GitHub API did not respond.")

internal/pages/02_select_gpu.go

@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/gookit/color"
+
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/configs"
-	lsiommu "github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/lsiommu"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/lsiommu"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/menu"
-	"github.com/gookit/color"
 )
 
 func SelectGPU(config *configs.Config) {
@@ -94,10 +95,10 @@ func viewGPU(config *configs.Config, ext ...int) {
 		config.Gpu_IDs = lsiommu.GetIOMMU("-g", mode, "-i", config.Gpu_Group, "--id")
 
 		// If the kernel_args file already exists
-		if fileio.FileExist(config.Path.CMDLINE) {
+		if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(config.Path.CMDLINE); exists {
 			// Delete it as we will have to make a new one anyway
 			err := os.Remove(config.Path.CMDLINE)
-			errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Could not remove %s", config.Path.CMDLINE))
+			common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Could not remove %s", config.Path.CMDLINE))
 		}
 
 		// Write initial kernel_arg file
@@ -114,10 +115,10 @@ func viewGPU(config *configs.Config, ext ...int) {
 		)
 
 		// If the kernel_args file already exists
-		if fileio.FileExist(config.Path.CMDLINE) {
+		if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(config.Path.CMDLINE); exists {
 			// Delete it as we will have to make a new one anyway
 			err := os.Remove(config.Path.CMDLINE)
-			errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Could not remove %s", config.Path.CMDLINE))
+			common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Could not remove %s", config.Path.CMDLINE))
 		}
 
 		// Write initial kernel_arg file

internal/pages/03_vbios_extract.go

@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ func genVBIOS_dumper(config *configs.Config) {
 		scriptdir, _ = os.Getwd()
 	}
 
-	// Get the vbios path and generate the vbios dumping script
+	// Search for a vbios path and generate the vbios dumping script if found
-	vbios_path := lsiommu.GetIOMMU("-g", "-i", config.Gpu_Group, "--rom")[0]
+	vbios_paths := lsiommu.GetIOMMU("-g", "-i", config.Gpu_Group, "--rom")
-	configs.GenerateVBIOSDumper(vbios_path)
+	if len(vbios_paths) != 0 {
+		configs.GenerateVBIOSDumper(vbios_paths[0])
+	}
 
 	// Make the qemu config folder
 	os.Mkdir(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", scriptdir, config.Path.QEMU), os.ModePerm)
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ func genVBIOS_dumper(config *configs.Config) {
 		"rom to the VM along with the card in order to get a functional passthrough.\n",
 		"In many cases you can find your vbios at https://www.techpowerup.com/vgabios/\n",
 		"\n",
-		"You can also attempt to dump your own vbios from TTY using the script in\n",
+		"If we found a romfile for your GPU you can also attempt to dump your own vbios from TTY using the script in\n",
 		fmt.Sprintf("%s/utils/dump_vbios.sh\n", scriptdir),
 		"\n",
 	)

internal/pages/05_select_usbctrl.go

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/gookit/color"
+
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/configs"
-	lsiommu "github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/lsiommu"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/lsiommu"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/menu"
-	"github.com/gookit/color"
 )
 
 func selectUSB(config *configs.Config) {

internal/pages/06_finalize.go

@@ -6,34 +6,34 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
-	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/gookit/color"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/configs"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/fileio"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/menu"
 	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/pkg/uname"
-	"github.com/gookit/color"
-	"golang.org/x/term"
 )
 
 func prepModules(config *configs.Config) {
 	// If we have files for modprobe
-	if fileio.FileExist(config.Path.MODPROBE) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(config.Path.MODPROBE); exists {
 		// Configure modprobe
 		configs.Set_Modprobe(config.Gpu_IDs)
 	}
 
 	// If we have a folder for dracut
-	if fileio.FileExist(config.Path.DRACUT) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(config.Path.DRACUT); exists {
 		// Configure dracut
 		configs.Set_Dracut()
 	}
 
 	// If we have a mkinitcpio.conf file
-	if fileio.FileExist(config.Path.MKINITCPIO) {
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(config.Path.MKINITCPIO); exists {
 		configs.Set_Mkinitcpio()
 	}
 
@@ -48,6 +48,43 @@ func prepModules(config *configs.Config) {
 	finalize(config)
 }
 
+func finalizeNotice(isRoot bool) {
+	color.Print(`
+The configuration files have been generated and are located inside the "config" folder
+
+  * The "kernel_args" file contains kernel arguments that your bootloader needs
+  * The "qemu" folder contains files that may be needed for passthrough
+  * The files inside the "etc" folder must be copied to your system.
+
+	<red>Verify that these files are correctly formated/edited!</>
+
+Once all files have been copied, the following steps must be taken:
+
+  * bootloader configuration must be updated
+  * initramfs must be rebuilt
+
+`)
+	switch isRoot {
+	case true:
+		color.Print("This program can do this for you, if desired.\n")
+	default:
+		color.Print(`This program can do this for you, however your sudo password is required.
+To avoid this:
+
+  * press CTRL+C and perform the steps mentioned above manually.
+       OR
+  * run ` + os.Args[0] + ` as root.
+
+`)
+	}
+
+	color.Print(`
+If you want to go back and change something, choose Back.
+
+NOTE: A backup of the original files from the first run can be found in the backup folder
+`)
+}
+
 func finalize(config *configs.Config) {
 	// Clear the screen
 	command.Clear()
@@ -56,60 +93,43 @@ func finalize(config *configs.Config) {
 	title := color.New(color.BgHiBlue, color.White, color.Bold)
 	title.Println("Finalizing configuration")
 
-	color.Print(
+	config.IsRoot = os.Getuid() == 0
-		"The configuration files have been generated and are\n",
-		"located inside the \"config\" folder\n",
-		"\n",
-		"* The \"kernel_args\" file contains kernel arguments that your bootloader needs\n",
-		"* The \"qemu\" folder contains files that might be\n  neccessary for passing through the GPU\n",
-		"* The files inside the \"etc\" folder must be copied to your system.\n",
-		"  NOTE: Verify that these files are correctly formated/edited!\n",
-		"* Once all files have been copied, you need to update your bootloader and rebuild\n",
-		"  your initramfs using the tools to do so by your system.\n",
-		"\n",
-		"This program can do this for you, however the program will have to\n",
-		"type your password to sudo using STDIN, to avoid using STDIN press CTRL+C\n",
-		"and copy the files, update your bootloader and rebuild your initramfs manually.\n",
-		"If you want to go back and change something, choose Back\n",
-		"\nNOTE: A backup of the original files from the first run can be found in the backup folder\n",
-	)
 
-	// Make a choice of going next or back
+	finalizeNotice(config.IsRoot)
-	choice := menu.Next("Press Next to continue with sudo using STDIN, ESC to exit or Back to go back.")
 
-	// Parse the choice
+	// Make a choice of going next or back and parse the choice
-	switch choice {
+	switch menu.Next("Press Next to continue with sudo using STDIN, ESC to exit or Back to go back.") {
 	case "next":
 		installPassthrough(config)
-
 	case "back":
 		// Go back
 		disableVideo(config)
 	}
-
 }
 
 func installPassthrough(config *configs.Config) {
 	// Get the user data
-	user, err := user.Current()
+	currentUser, err := user.Current()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
 	}
 
-	// Provide a password prompt
+	if !config.IsRoot {
-	fmt.Printf("[sudo] password for %s: ", user.Username)
+		// Provide a password prompt
-	bytep, err := term.ReadPassword(int(syscall.Stdin))
+		fmt.Printf("[sudo] password for %s: ", currentUser.Username)
-	if err != nil {
+		bytep, err := term.ReadPassword(syscall.Stdin)
-		os.Exit(1)
+		if err != nil {
-	}
+			os.Exit(1)
-	fmt.Print("\n")
+		}
+		fmt.Print("\n")
 
-	// Elevate with sudo
+		// Elevate with sudo
-	command.Elevate(
+		command.Elevate(
-		base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(
+			base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(
-			bytep,
+				bytep,
-		),
+			),
-	)
+		)
+	}
 
 	// Make an output string
 	var output string
@@ -120,22 +140,24 @@ func installPassthrough(config *configs.Config) {
 		logger.Printf("Configuring systemd-boot using kernelstub\n")
 
 		// Configure kernelstub
-		output = configs.Set_KernelStub()
+		// callee logs the output and checks for errors
-		fmt.Printf("%s\n", output)
+		configs.Set_KernelStub(config.IsRoot)
 
 	} else if config.Bootloader == "grubby" {
 		// Write to logger
 		logger.Printf("Configuring bootloader using grubby\n")
 
 		// Configure kernelstub
-		output = configs.Set_Grubby()
+		output = configs.Set_Grubby(config.IsRoot)
 		fmt.Printf("%s\n", output)
 
 	} else if config.Bootloader == "grub2" {
 		// Write to logger
 		logger.Printf("Applying grub2 changes\n")
-		grub_output, _ := configs.Set_Grub2()
+		_ = configs.Set_Grub2(config.IsRoot) // note: we set config.IsRoot earlier
-		fmt.Printf("%s\n", strings.Join(grub_output, "\n"))
+
+		// we'll print the output in the [configs.Set_Grub2] method
+		// fmt.Printf("%s\n", strings.Join(grub_output, "\n"))
 
 	} else {
 		kernel_args := fileio.ReadFile(config.Path.CMDLINE)
@@ -145,68 +167,62 @@ func installPassthrough(config *configs.Config) {
 	// A lot of linux systems support modprobe along with their own module system
 	// So copy the modprobe files if we have them
 	modprobeFile := fmt.Sprintf("%s/vfio.conf", config.Path.MODPROBE)
-	if fileio.FileExist(modprobeFile) {
+
-		// Copy initramfs-tools module to system
+	// lets hope by now we've already handled any permissions issues...
-		output = configs.CopyToSystem(modprobeFile, "/etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf")
+	// TODO: verify that we actually can drop the errors on [fileio.FileExist] call below
-		fmt.Printf("%s\n", output)
+
+	if exists, _ := fileio.FileExist(modprobeFile); exists {
+		// Copy initramfs-tools module to system, note that CopyToSystem will log the command and output
+		// as well as check for errors
+		configs.CopyToSystem(config.IsRoot, modprobeFile, "/etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf")
 	}
 
 	// Copy the config files for the system we have
 	initramfsFile := fmt.Sprintf("%s/modules", config.Path.INITRAMFS)
 	dracutFile := fmt.Sprintf("%s/vfio.conf", config.Path.DRACUT)
-	if fileio.FileExist(initramfsFile) {
+
+	initramFsExists, initramFsErr := fileio.FileExist(initramfsFile)
+	dracutExists, dracutErr := fileio.FileExist(dracutFile)
+	mkinitcpioExists, mkinitcpioErr := fileio.FileExist(config.Path.MKINITCPIO)
+
+	for _, err = range []error{initramFsErr, dracutErr, mkinitcpioErr} {
+		if err == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		// we know this error isn't ErrNotExist, so we should throw it and exit
+		log.Fatalf("Failed to stat file: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case initramFsExists:
 		// Copy initramfs-tools module to system
-		output = configs.CopyToSystem(initramfsFile, "/etc/initramfs-tools/modules")
+		configs.CopyToSystem(config.IsRoot, initramfsFile, "/etc/initramfs-tools/modules")
-		fmt.Printf("%s\n", output)
 
 		// Copy the modules file to /etc/modules
-		output = configs.CopyToSystem(config.Path.ETCMODULES, "/etc/modules")
+		configs.CopyToSystem(config.IsRoot, config.Path.ETCMODULES, "/etc/modules")
-		fmt.Printf("%s\n", output)
 
-		// Write to logger
+		if err = command.ExecAndLogSudo(config.IsRoot, true, "update-initramfs", "-u"); err != nil {
-		logger.Printf("Executing: sudo update-initramfs -u\n")
+			log.Fatalf("Failed to update initramfs: %s", err)
+		}
 
-		// Update initramfs
+	case dracutExists:
-		fmt.Println("Executed: sudo update-initramfs -u\nSee debug.log for detailed output")
-		cmd_out, cmd_err, _ := command.RunErr("sudo", "update-initramfs", "-u")
-
-		cmd_out = append(cmd_out, cmd_err...)
-
-		// Write to logger
-		logger.Printf(strings.Join(cmd_out, "\n"))
-	} else if fileio.FileExist(dracutFile) {
 		// Copy dracut config to /etc/dracut.conf.d/vfio
-		output = configs.CopyToSystem(dracutFile, "/etc/dracut.conf.d/vfio")
+		configs.CopyToSystem(config.IsRoot, dracutFile, "/etc/dracut.conf.d/vfio")
-		fmt.Printf("%s\n", output)
 
 		// Get systeminfo
 		sysinfo := uname.New()
 
-		// Write to logger
+		if err = command.ExecAndLogSudo(config.IsRoot, true, "dracut", "-f", "-v", "--kver", sysinfo.Release); err != nil {
-		logger.Printf("Executing: sudo dracut -f -v --kver %s\n", sysinfo.Release)
+			log.Fatalf("Failed to update initramfs: %s", err)
+		}
 
-		// Update initramfs
+	case mkinitcpioExists:
-		fmt.Printf("Executed: sudo dracut -f -v --kver %s\nSee debug.log for detailed output", sysinfo.Release)
-		_, cmd_err, _ := command.RunErr("sudo", "dracut", "-f", "-v", "--kver", sysinfo.Release)
-
-		// Write to logger
-		logger.Printf(strings.Join(cmd_err, "\n"))
-	} else if fileio.FileExist(config.Path.MKINITCPIO) {
 		// Copy dracut config to /etc/dracut.conf.d/vfio
-		output = configs.CopyToSystem(config.Path.MKINITCPIO, "/etc/mkinitcpio.conf")
+		configs.CopyToSystem(config.IsRoot, config.Path.MKINITCPIO, "/etc/mkinitcpio.conf")
-		fmt.Printf("%s\n", output)
 
-		// Write to logger
+		if err = command.ExecAndLogSudo(config.IsRoot, true, "mkinitcpio", "-P"); err != nil {
-		logger.Printf("Executing: sudo mkinitcpio -P")
+			log.Fatalf("Failed to update initramfs: %s", err)
-
+		}
-		// Update initramfs
-		fmt.Println("Executed: sudo mkinitcpio -P\nSee debug.log for detailed output")
-		cmd_out, cmd_err, _ := command.RunErr("sudo", "mkinitcpio", "-P")
-
-		cmd_out = append(cmd_out, cmd_err...)
-
-		// Write to logger
-		logger.Printf(strings.Join(cmd_out, "\n"))
 	}
 
 	// Make sure prompt end up on next line

internal/pages/06_finalize_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package pages
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestFinalizeNotice(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := "\n%s\nprinting the finalize notice for manual review, this test should always pass.\n%s\n\n"
+	divider := strings.Repeat("-", len(msg)-12)
+	t.Logf(msg, divider, divider)
+	t.Log("\n\nWith isRoot == true:\n\n")
+
+	finalizeNotice(true)
+
+	println("\n\n")
+
+	t.Log("\n\nWith isRoot == false:\n\n")
+
+	finalizeNotice(false)
+
+	println("\n\n")
+}

internal/ui_main.go

@@ -6,17 +6,18 @@ package internal
 import (
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/pages"
 	tea "github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea"
+
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/pages"
 )
 
 // This is where we build everything
 func Tui() {
 	// Log all errors to a new logfile (super useful feature of BubbleTea!)
-	os.Remove("debug.log")
+	_ = os.Rename("quickpassthrough_debug.log", "quickpassthrough_debug_old.log")
-	logfile, err := tea.LogToFile("debug.log", "")
+	logfile, err := tea.LogToFile("quickpassthrough_debug.log", "")
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Error creating log file")
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "Error creating log file")
 	defer logfile.Close()
 
 	// New WIP Tui

pkg/command/command.go

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@ package command
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/logger"
 )
 
 // Run a command and return STDOUT
@@ -27,14 +30,14 @@ func Run(binary string, args ...string) ([]string, error) {
 	output, _ := io.ReadAll(&stdout)
 
 	// Get the output
-	outputs := []string{}
+	outputs := make([]string, 0, 1)
 	outputs = append(outputs, string(output))
 
 	// Return our list of items
 	return outputs, err
 }
 
-// This function is just like command.Run() but also returns STDERR
+// RunErr is just like command.Run() but also returns STDERR
 func RunErr(binary string, args ...string) ([]string, []string, error) {
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 
@@ -59,8 +62,18 @@ func RunErr(binary string, args ...string) ([]string, []string, error) {
 	return outputs, outerrs, err
 }
 
-// This functions runs the command "sudo -Sk -- echo", this forces sudo
+func RunErrSudo(isRoot bool, binary string, args ...string) ([]string, []string, error) {
-// to re-authenticate and lets us enter the password to STDIN
+	if !isRoot && binary != "sudo" {
+		args = append([]string{binary}, args...)
+		binary = "sudo"
+	}
+	logger.Printf("Executing (elevated): %s %s\n", binary, strings.Join(args, " "))
+	fmt.Printf("Executing (elevated): %s %s\n", binary, strings.Join(args, " "))
+	return RunErr(binary, args...)
+}
+
+// Elevate elevates this functions runs the command "sudo -Sk -- echo",
+// this forces sudo to re-authenticate and lets us enter the password to STDIN
 // giving us the ability to run sudo commands
 func Elevate(password string) {
 	// Do a simple sudo command to just authenticate with sudo
@@ -71,29 +84,83 @@ func Elevate(password string) {
 
 	// Open STDIN
 	stdin, err := cmd.StdinPipe()
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "\nFailed to get sudo STDIN")
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nFailed to get sudo STDIN")
 
 	// Start the authentication
-	cmd.Start()
+	err = cmd.Start()
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nFailed to start sudo command")
 
 	// Get the passed password
 	pw, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(password)
 	_, err = stdin.Write([]byte(string(pw) + "\n"))
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "\nFailed at typing to STDIN")
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nFailed at typing to STDIN")
 	// Clear the password
 	pw = nil
 	password = ""
 
-	stdin.Close()
+	_ = stdin.Close()
 
 	// Wait for the sudo prompt (If the correct password was given, it will not stay behind)
 	err = cmd.Wait()
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "\nError, password given was wrong")
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "\nError, password given was wrong")
 }
 
-// Function to just clear the terminal
+// Clear clears the terminal.
 func Clear() {
 	c := exec.Command("clear")
 	c.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	c.Run()
+	_ = c.Run()
+}
+
+// ExecAndLogSudo executes an elevated command and logs the output.
+//
+// * if we're root, the command is executed directly
+// * if we're not root, the command is prefixed with "sudo"
+//
+//   - noisy determines if we should print the command to the user
+//     noisy isn't set to true by our copy caller, as it logs differently,
+//     but other callers set it.
+func ExecAndLogSudo(isRoot, noisy bool, exe string, args ...string) error {
+	if !isRoot && exe != "sudo" {
+		og := exe
+		exe = "sudo"
+		newArgs := make([]string, 0)
+		newArgs = append(newArgs, og)
+		newArgs = append(newArgs, args...)
+		args = newArgs
+	}
+
+	// Write to logger
+	logger.Printf("Executing (elevated): %s %s\n", exe, strings.Join(args, " "))
+
+	if noisy {
+		// Print to the user
+		fmt.Printf("Executing (elevated): %s %s\nSee debug.log for detailed output\n", exe, strings.Join(args, " "))
+	}
+
+	wd, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r := exec.Command(exe, args...)
+	r.Dir = wd
+
+	cmdCombinedOut, err := r.CombinedOutput()
+	outStr := string(cmdCombinedOut)
+
+	// Write to logger, tabulate output
+	// tabulation denotes it's hierarchy as a child of the command
+	outStr = strings.ReplaceAll(outStr, "\n", "\n\t")
+	logger.Printf("\t" + string(cmdCombinedOut) + "\n")
+	if noisy {
+		// Print to the user
+		fmt.Printf("%s\n", outStr)
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to execute %s: %w\n%s", exe, err, outStr)
+	}
+
+	return err
 }

pkg/command/command_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package command
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+const fakeSudo = `#!/bin/sh
+"$@" -qptest`
+
+const fakeUtil = `#!/bin/sh
+echo "$@"
+if [ "$4" = "-qptest" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi`
+
+func setupExecTestEnv(t *testing.T) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	fakeSudoPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "sudo")
+	fakeUtilPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "util")
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(fakeSudoPath, []byte(fakeSudo), 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fake sudo stub: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(fakeUtilPath, []byte(fakeUtil), 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fake util stub: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+	t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir+":"+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+
+	return fakeSudoPath, fakeUtilPath
+}
+
+func TestExecAndLogSudo(t *testing.T) {
+	_, fakeUtilPath := setupExecTestEnv(t)
+
+	args := []string{"i am a string with spaces", "i came to ruin parsers and chew bubble gum", "and I'm all out of bubblegum."}
+
+	t.Run("is_not_root", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := ExecAndLogSudo(false, false, "util", args...); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("is_root", func(t *testing.T) {
+		newFakeUtil := strings.Replace(fakeUtil, "exit 1", "exit 0", 1)
+		newFakeUtil = strings.Replace(newFakeUtil, "exit 0", "exit 1", 1)
+		if err := os.WriteFile(fakeUtilPath, []byte(newFakeUtil), 0755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to overwrite fake util with modified stub: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+		if err := ExecAndLogSudo(false, false, "util", args...); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected error when using modified util with sudo, got nil")
+		}
+
+		if err := ExecAndLogSudo(true, true, "util", args...); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+	})
+
+}

pkg/fileio/fileio.go

@@ -7,29 +7,31 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 )
 
 /*
  * This just implements repetetive tasks I have to do with files
  */
 
-// Creates a file and appends the content to the file (ending newline must be supplied with content string)
+// AppendContent creates a file and appends the content to the file.
+// (ending newline must be supplied with content string)
 func AppendContent(content string, fileName string) {
 	// Open the file
 	f, err := os.OpenFile(fileName, os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, os.ModePerm)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening \"%s\" for writing", fileName))
+
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening \"%s\" for writing", fileName))
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	// Write the content
 	_, err = f.WriteString(content)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error writing to %s", fileName))
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error writing to %s", fileName))
 }
 
-// Reads the file and returns a stringlist with each line
+// ReadLines reads the file and returns a stringlist with each line.
 func ReadLines(fileName string) []string {
 	content, err := os.Open(fileName)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error reading file %s", fileName))
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error reading file %s", fileName))
 	defer content.Close()
 
 	// Make a list of lines
@@ -46,54 +48,55 @@ func ReadLines(fileName string) []string {
 
 }
 
-// Reads a file and returns all the content as a string
+// ReadFile reads a file and returns all the content as a string.
 func ReadFile(fileName string) string {
 	// Read the whole file
 	content, err := os.ReadFile(fileName)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to ReadFile on %s", fileName))
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to ReadFile on %s", fileName))
 
 	// Return all the lines as one string
 	return string(content)
 
 }
 
-// Checks if a file exists and returns a bool
+// FileExist checks if a file exists and returns a bool and any error that isn't os.ErrNotExist.
-func FileExist(fileName string) bool {
+func FileExist(fileName string) (bool, error) {
 	var exist bool
 
 	// Check if the file exists
-	if _, err := os.Stat(fileName); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+	_, err := os.Stat(fileName)
-		// Set the value to true
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
 		exist = true
-	} else {
+	case errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist):
-		// Set the value to false
+		// Set the value to true
 		exist = false
+		err = nil
 	}
-
 	// Return if the file exists
-	return exist
+	return exist, err
 }
 
-// Copies a FILE from source to dest
+// FileCopy copies a FILE from source to dest.
 func FileCopy(sourceFile, destFile string) {
 	// Get the file info
 	filestat, err := os.Stat(sourceFile)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Error getting fileinfo of: %s", sourceFile)
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, "Error getting fileinfo of: %s", sourceFile)
 
 	// If the file is a regular file
 	if filestat.Mode().IsRegular() {
 		// Open the source file for reading
 		source, err := os.Open(sourceFile)
-		errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Error opening %s for copying", sourceFile)
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, "Error opening %s for copying", sourceFile)
 		defer source.Close()
 
 		// Create the destination file
 		dest, err := os.Create(destFile)
-		errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Error creating %s", destFile)
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, "Error creating %s", destFile)
 		defer dest.Close()
 
 		// Copy the contents of source to dest using io
 		_, err = io.Copy(dest, source)
-		errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, "Failed to copy \"%s\" to \"%s\"", sourceFile, destFile)
+		common.ErrorCheck(err, "Failed to copy \"%s\" to \"%s\"", sourceFile, destFile)
 	}
 }

pkg/menu/manual.go

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
 	"github.com/gookit/color"
+
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 )
 
 func ManualInput(msg string, format string) []string {
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ func ManualInput(msg string, format string) []string {
 	// Get the user input
 	var input string
 	_, err := fmt.Scan(&input)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err)
+	common.ErrorCheck(err)
 
 	input_list := strings.Split(input, ",")
 

pkg/untar/untar.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 
-	"github.com/HikariKnight/ls-iommu/pkg/errorcheck"
+	"github.com/HikariKnight/quickpassthrough/internal/common"
 )
 
 // Slightly modified from source: https://medium.com/@skdomino/taring-untaring-files-in-go-6b07cf56bc07
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 // creating the file structure at 'dst' along the way, and writing any files
 func Untar(dst string, fileName string) error {
 	r, err := os.Open(fileName)
-	errorcheck.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to open: %s", fileName))
+	common.ErrorCheck(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to open: %s", fileName))
 	defer r.Close()
 
 	gzr, err := gzip.NewReader(r)